An Urban Management Performance Modeling Via Evaluation Using Improved Green Balanced Score Cards And Fuzzy DEMATEL Under Uncertainty Solving By A New Compromised Method Based On TOPSIS And VIKOR

Environmental awareness is one of the most important issues that in which general public interest are growing rapidly, especially in the industrialized countries. Some trends that can be clearly seen these days are: the number of members/financial contributors of various environmental preservation societies and associations are increasing dramatically, the amount of legislation related to environmental protection both nationally and at a super-national. The number of recycling and reuse schemes, both in industry and privately is on the rise and most people engage in one or more such programs, Unnatural climate effects suspected to stem from pollution have increased and receive much media attention and so on. This means that it is becoming increasingly more important for an enterprise to be able to manage its operations in a way that minimize the negative environmental impact they might result in, directly or indirectly. At the same time, it is a fact that you can't manage what you can't measure. Thus, performance measurement is a key element in enabling performance management, performance improvement and performance documentation. When combining the pivotal importance of environmental friendliness with the need for performance measurement, we'll face with concept of green performance measurement, an area that has been largely neglected as a pure source of competitive advantages. The balanced scorecard is one of the performance evaluating tools that empower in this research by using of decision making technics and can be used to green performance evaluation. In this thesis, we proposed an urban management performance modeling via evaluation using improved Green Balanced Score Cards and fuzzy DEMATEL under uncertainty solving by a new compromised method based on TOPSIS and VIKOR simultaneously. Keywords: Green performance evaluation, balanced scorecard card, MCDM technics, Fuzzy, new compromised solution method

Voltage and frequency regulation in an islanded microgrid with PEM fuel cell based on a fuzzy logic voltage control and adaptive droop control

Nowadays, the demand for electrical energy is increasing, and conventional power systems will face major problems in the future if they cannot generate extra demand for electrical energy. One of the best solutions for solving extra demand for electrical energy is the use of renewable resources to produce energy. The main aim of this study is designing and controlling the microgrid voltage and frequency. This study proposed the voltage and frequency control of an islanded microgrid based on fuzzy logic controller. The system considered for this study consists of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) that connected to parallel inverters to convert DC voltage to AC voltage. The control structure is based on adaptive droop control and fuzzy voltage control loop. Also, the proposed structure controls active and reactive powers and decreases power losses of the microgrid. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control structure over the conventional proportional-integral controller. It is shown that the proposed controller has good transient response under the output voltage PEMFC variation and load changes as disturbance